A Big No for Animal Testing

Nowadays, it seems that we are not unfamiliar anymore with the terms animal testing. Animal testing refers to the experimentation carried out animals. It is used to assess the safety and effectiveness of everything from medication to cosmetics, as well as understanding body how the human body works (Anonymous, 2011). Animals here are used to ensure the products are safe for the use of humans. At one side, animal testing has been successfully developed new and effective medical treatments, yet, on the other side, some of the test that these animals subjected to are very painful and cruel. Thus there are some people who support this animal testing because animals are appropriate research subjects because they are similar to human beings and it is fine since animals do not have rights, however, some stronger arguments standing in believe that animal testing should be banned because animals are killed or kept in captivity and it does not reliably predict result in human beings.

            The first reason why we should ban animal testing is because it kills animals and keeps animals in captivity. According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation, prolonged periods of physical restraint, the infliction of burns and other wounds to study the healing process, the infliction of pain to study its effects and remedies, and “killing by carbon dioxide asphyxiation, neck-breaking, decapitation, or other means” (Anonymous, 2015). Furthermore, The Animal Welfare Act, or AWA does not cover rats, mice, fish and birds, which comprise around 95% of the animals used in research.  These animals are especially vulnerable and more likely to be mistreated and abused without the protection of the AWA. That is why, if we keep conducting animal testing, it will be a violation of the life rights of those animals.

            The second reason why animal testing should be forbidden is because it does not reliably predict result in human beings. There is also the argument that the reaction of a drug in animal’s body is quite different from the reaction in a human. The strongest reason supporting this idea is that the animals may feel under pressure and under stressed if they are in an unnatural environment. In this rate, they will not react to the drugs in the same way than if we compare to their potential reactionin a natural environment. It weakens the validity of animal experimentation. Aysha Akhtar, a neurologist stated that over 100 stroke drugs that were effective when tested on animals have failed in humans, and over 85 HIV vaccines failed in humans after working well in non-human primates. This data shows that animal testing is not reliable for human. It can cause dangerous effect for sure.

            Responding to the negative side that disagrees with the conduction of animal testing, there are also some arguments that support this idea. People may state that First, people may state that animal testing is fine since animals are appropriate research subjects because they are similar to human beings in many ways, but this idea is really absurd. Human and animals have different anatomic, metabolic, and cellular. It indicates that animals poor models for human beings. Paul Furlong, Professor of Clinical Neuroimaging at Aston University stated that it is hard to create an animal model that even equates closely to what we are trying to achieve in the human. Furthermore, like what have been explained before, animal test do not reliably predict results in human beings. Second, people may state that animals do not have right, yet once again, this idea is nonsense. Every living thing in this whole world has right. No matter who or what, they still have to be protected and have the right to continue living. Thus, it is so unfair and rude to say that animals do not have rights to continue living.

            All in all, why animal testing should be banned is supported by some strong arguments, such as because animals are killed or kept in captivity and it does not reliably predict result in human beings. Yet, some people have a different perception responding to this issue. They state that animal testing is essential because animals are appropriate research subjects because they are similar to human beings and it is fine since animals do not have rights. However, if we take a really good look, animal testing is really harmful from many different aspects. Thus, animal testing should be banned since it causes bad impacts.

References:

animal-testing.procon.org

www.aboutanimaltesting.co.uk/what-animal-testing.html

PALUPI SEKAR APSARI

130222614305/H

ACADEMIC ARGUMENTATIVE

Abortion, it is right or wrong?

For many years abortion has been a controversial issue to whether abortion should be legal or illegal all over the world. Abortion is defined as termination or medical operation to end a pregnancy so that the baby is not born live (Longman dictionary).  Without any anesthesia the baby is torn apart and vacuumed from the mother. This abortion becomes controversial at much like every aspect in human. Many people believe if the abortion is part of homicide.  Rand Paul, MD, US Senator (KY-R) stated in his article title Sanncity of Life that abortion takes the life of an innocent human being. On other hand, the ability to safe and legal abortion has been critical for many women as they seek to define and live their lives with dignity (National Abortion Federation / NAF, 2014). Honoring women means honoring their choices, including the choice of wether and when to have childreen. So that, people believe that abortion is right way because it is an act of how people can honoring women and also it is already legal in some country such as Australia, Albania, Argentina, Belgium, Bosnia, Cambodia, Canada, Cuba, Denmark, Germany, North Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, Vietnam and many more.  Here are some reason why abortion still controversial in all around the world.
    Abortion is legal for some reasons. First, abortion is method of birth control. In fact, some of country have population problem. For instance, China; South Korea; and others. When a country faces the problems of population explosion, the governments should find methods to solve it. But, since no methods of contraception are one hundred percent effective and successful, abortion becomes the only way out prevention fails. Second, legalize abortion can reduce the risk of death resulting from abortion is many times less than a woman’s risk of death during pregnancy and childbirth (National Abortion Federation / NAF, 2014). Between 1880’s and 1973’s many thousands of women died or suffered serious medical problems after attempting to self-induce their abortions or going to untrained practitioners who performed abortions with primitive methods or in unsanitary conditions. During this time, hospital emergency room staff treated thousands of women who eaither died or were suffering terrible effects of abortions provided without adequate skill and care. At some maternal death cases around the world cause by botched abortion. This situation happens because at their relevant country, doing abortion is illegal. It makes people, especially women whether they are pregnant because of an accident before marriage or because of rape, do concealed abortion.  For instance, Vanessa Alejandra Rivera de la Fuente as feminist moeslim writer and activist in 2012 stated that abortions in Argentina representing 30 percent of maternal death. In many cases, abortion complication and death are not reported to authorities. For every woman who seeks medical help due to complications, seven others in the same situation do not seek help.
Third, legal abortion is the right of women to decide on a pregnancy resulting from the commission of a crime, which is an improvement on women’s autonomy over her body. Women are capable os making intelligent and and conscientious decisions about their own lives and families. Women deserve the autonomy and dignity to act in accordence with their personal convictions, and to decide what is best for their own lives and families. National Abortion Federation / NAF in 2014 stated that women should be trusted and respected to exercise the choices about theirbodies and lives that are best for them, and not be forced by the government into personal reproductive decisions that are against their will. In short, (U.S. Supreme Court 1973) said that the women have a right to make decisions about their own bodies. Fourth, abortion is an effort of women to maintain the individual rights to make personal decision about reproduction. Abortion and reproductive freedom more broadly defined are important pieces of ensuring this common dream. To obtain a better future, each people must be free to make profoundly personal decision about reproductive lives without unwarranted government that respects the personal integrity of its people both interferes in these essentially private decision as a litle as possible and helps ensure that everyone has the opportunity to make these decision responsibility (Loise Mailing JD 2009). The governments must not be involved in personal healthcare decisions. Those who oppose contraception and abortion are free to make that choice for themselves and their families, but not for others.
Fifth, abortion is not homicide. Homicide is the killing of one person by another; murder (Oxford dictionary). But abortion can only be homicide if a fetus or embryo is known to be a person, and fetuses are not to be a person until the point of viability. The fetus is viable between 22—24 weeks of the pregnancy (Babymed 2001). Sixth, abortion is legal because women have the power to exercise that right regardless of government policy (Head Tom 2015). Since women believe that laws criminalizing the procedure generally apply to doctors, not to women, which means that even under state laws banning abortion as medical procedure, women would be free to terminate their pregnancies through other means—by taking drugs that terminate pregnancies but are intended for other purpose. In Nicaragua, where abortion is illegal, the ulcer drug misoprostol is often used for this purpose. It is inexpensive, easy to transport and conceal, and terminates the pregnancy in a manner that resembles a miscarriage—and it is one of literally hundreds of options available to women who would terminate pregnancies illegally. This option are so effective that, according to a 2007 study by the World Health Organization, abortions are just as likely to occur in countries where abortion is illegal as they are to occur in countries where abortion is not. Unfortunately, these options are also substantially more dangerous than medically-supervised abortions-resulting in an estimate 80,000 accidental death each years.
    Although there are several reasons of which support abortion to be legal, but there are also severel reasons to against and believe that abortion should be illegal. First, abortions is  Offends God. Abortion is never a mere personal choice but a grave offense against God and His creation. The anti-abortion struggle has always been a religious battle. This is because almost every religions teaching on abortion is clear and unequivocal: abortion is murder. There are no exceptions allowed, no compromises possible. Second, abortions is unsafe. Compared     with other medical procedures, the abortion industry is largely unregulated. Although there    are no exact statistics for the number of women who die from botched procedures, Life Dynamics.com in 2012 said if compiled a list of 347 women killed by legal abortions since 1973.  Furthermore, the National Cancer Institute commissioned a study lead by Dr. Janet Daling, an abortion supporter, and her colleagues at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center which found a link between abortion and cancer stated that among women who had been pregnant  at least once, the risk of breast cancer in those who had experienced an induced abortion was 50% higher than among other women. The Coalition on Abortion and Breast Cancer reported that 28 out of 37 worldwide studies have independently linked induced abortion with breast cancer. Thirteen out of fifteen studies conducted on American women report increased risk. Seventeen studies are statistically significant, sixteen of which found increased risk. Most of the studies have been conducted by abortion supporters.   
Third, abortions may cause many negative effects for women’s health. Women risk their health and lives in bearing weight of the operations and its consequences. The most common complications are inflammation, interruption of menstrual patterns, infertility, endometriosis, myoma of the uterus, and many other kind of ovary illnesses. Fourth, mankind must protect life whenever possible. The first and foremost instinct of humans is preservation of life. This begins with self-preservation, and extends to all humanity through domestic bonds and realization of a like nature. Pregnancy termination stops the beating heart of a growing human being and is in direct contradiction to this most basic premise of human nature (JJ Thompson 1971). It forsakes natural law, and has left America as a country unable to repopulate itself without the aid of mass immigration.
For society as a whole, abortions still become a dilemma for countries. As well as for the children themselves, it is better if every child is wanted child. However, abortion is not best way of avoiding unwanted children, and improved sex education, easily available contraception, and better education and opportunities for young women, can help to reduce the number of abortions. But as long as abortion is needed as last resort, most humanist would agree that society should provide save legal facilities. On the other hand, abortion also brings terrible consequences, especially for woman health. After all, it is back to the society, whether the society choose to agree with legal abortion or against to the abortion option.

Refferences :
 Longman dictionary
Oxford dictionary
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/06/21/gender-selection-abortion-crisis-in-asia-india-u-s.html
Abortion and Embryo Destruction
"The Wrong of Abortion" by Robert P. George and Patrick Lee from Andrew I. Cohen and Christopher Wellman, eds., Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics (New York: Blackwell Publishers, 2005)
"I Was Once a Fetus: an Identity-Based Argument Against Abortion" by Alexander Pruss
Pro-Life Feminism
"How Abortion Hurts Women: The Hard Proof" by Erika Bachiochi, JD
Religious Resources
"Abortion" by Rabbi David Novak
"Abortion in Halakhic Literature"  by Rabbi David Bleich
"Abortion" Compiled by the Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance
http://www.princeton.edu/~prolife/academic.html
http://www.academia.edu/1237734/Abortion_and_Womens_Rights_in_the_USA
http://supremecourtreview.com/default/issue/index/id/11
Rand Paul, MD, US Senator(KY-R) stated in his article title Sancity of Life, posted on his official US Senate website (acces April 30 2015)
Abortion Policies:A Global Review. Acces at 14 April 2015. www.pregnantpause.org/lex/word02/htm. United Nation Department of Econimic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
Pregnancy viability what does it meas.Acces at 23 April 2015.www.babymed.com/prematurity/[regnancy-viability-what-does-it-mean.©2001—2015  Babymed.com
Head,tom. 2012. Legal Abortion.(Online). (www.civilliberty.about.com/od/abortion/abortion-legal.htm), it is searched February 04, 2015

 A Humanist Discussion On Abortion.Acces at 14 April 2015.www.humanism.org.uk

Azalia Illahi Hidayat Putri
130221612280

Final project: academic discussion

Cigarette Consumer Oblige The Company to be Responsible for People Who Suffer from Illness Caused by Cigarette

It is a fact that Indonesia has the highest cigarette factory around the world. Based on Frans Rupang as Directorate General of Customs and Excises interviewed by Kompas.com (2010) said that nowadays Indonesia has at least 3.800 cigarette factories included the home industry spread at all over Indonesia. This condition increases the number of smoker in Indonesia with the fifth higher number of smoker in the world. In general, if the number of smoker increase so that the number of people who are suffer from illness because consume cigarette. The new phenomenon appears. The consumers who are suffer from the cigarette try to ask and also oblige the company to be responsible at them. This issue becomes very controversial. It is supporting by many acceptable reasons in the terms of responsible and willingness. Therefore, people should not blame the cigarette factory to be responsible to the people who are suffers from illness caused by cigarette.

Some people argue that the cigarette factories have to responsible with consumer who are suffer from illness caused by consuming cigarette. It will help the consumer in terms of responsible and willingness. By giving responsible with consumer who are suffer from illness caused by consuming cigarette it can help them to pay hospitalize bill. This assumption is fully wrong. Consumers who are suffer from illness is not always caused by consuming cigarette. There are possibility if the illness may comes from other aspect, such as consume habits, life style habits, and other. It is also possible if the illness is already infected before they decided to consume cigarettes. So, it cannot be guarantee that the illness which they got caused by consuming cigarette. Furthermore, the factories have already paid tax for their product, so the responsible can be included at each product tax they are selling. Another assumption is by giving responsible with consumer who are suffer from illness caused by consuming cigarette it can shows the factory willing to help their consumer. This statement is not truly true. The cigarette consumer decided to consume cigarette by their own willing. The factories did not force the consumer to buy and consume their product. Instead, the cigarette factories give warn of the dangerous for consume cigarette to each of their sachet products and also give warn of the dangerous for consume cigarette in commercial advertisement.

I strongly believe, giving responsible with consumer who are suffer from illness caused by consuming cigarette is not true in two term. Firstly, in terms of responsible, people should not blame the factory because the factory has already shows their responsibility. Since Indonesia became one of the biggest tobacco and cigarette supplier country, it can be found many cigarette factories open in almost every side of Indonesia, especially in Java. All of the factories have the regulation to operate their factories, included internal and external relationship. One of the focus of an external relationship is being responsible with every possible that can be happens between the factories and the consumer. The responsibilities of the factories give such as by paying taxes and giving warning. For every cigarette factories which have already legalized by the governments have had to pay taxes. They are an object taxes, operate taxes, place taxes, advertisement taxes, permission taxes, and more. The factories also give warning. Other responsible that factories shows is giving warning. The object of this warning is consumer. By giving warning the factories try to remind the consumer about the effect before people decided of being smoker or consume cigarettes. For instance, at Djisamsoe cigarettes there is a warning in the sachet written “merokok dapat menyebabkan kanker paru-paru”, complete with the illustration and also the  Djisamsoe cigarettes produce commercial advertisement which contain a warning of smoker’s effects.

Secondly, in terms of willingness, people should not blame the factory because the factory has willingness to increase educational and job vacancy aspects by creating foundation and opening some occupations. It is not only giving warning, but also creating foundation. This responsible is an alternative for smart young people to make their chance by participating at some test to get some scholarships giving by cigarettes factories. For instance, is Beswan Djarum. This foundation is belonging to PT. Djarum which is one of the cigarettes company in Indonesia. This foundation is looking or more than a hundred students who have good intelligence and leadership skills. The foundation will give them scholarship for those who are selected. The factories also give job vacancy for Indonesian people by opening some occupation. For instance, almost every two years PT. HM Sampoerna held open recruitment for ages to have chance to work with them.

All in all, giving responsible with consumer who are suffer from illness caused by consuming cigarette is not duty of cigarette factories. The factories have already gave responsible by giving direct warning in the sachet of the cigarette and commercial advertisement. The responsible also can be proved at the factories duty of paying taxes and willingness to creating foundation and job vacation for society. Considered from above statements and reasons, giving responsible with consumer who are suffer from illness caused by cigarette should not be duty of cigarette factories.

Referencess:

Vania,nia.2015.Rokok Bisa Tersedak Kenaikan PPN.Online access at 14 April 2015. www.pemeriksaanpajak.com/2015/03/23/rokok-bisa-tersedak-kenaikan-ppn/

Azalia Illahi Hidayat Putri

130221612280

Task 6: Argumentative Essay Pattern 2

Cigarette Consumer Oblige The Company to be Responsible for People Who Suffer from Illness Caused by Cigarette

It is a fact that Indonesia has the highest cigarette factory around the world. Based on Frans Rupang as Directorate General of Customs and Excises interviewed by Kompas.com (2010) said that nowadays Indonesia has at least 3.800 cigarette factories included the home industry spread at all over Indonesia. This condition increases the number of smoker in Indonesia with the fifth higher number of smoker in the world. In general, if the number of smoker increase so that the number of people who are suffer from illness because consume cigarette. The new phenomenon appears. The consumers who are suffer from the cigarette try to ask and also oblige the company to be responsible at them. This issue becomes very controversial. It becomes an arguments among people in terms of responsible and willingness. Thus, it is essential people should not blame the factory to be responsible to the people who are suffers from illness caused by cigarette.
    Firstly, in terms of responsible, people should not blame the factory because the factory has already shows their responsibility. Since Indonesia became one of the biggest tobacco and cigarette supplier country, it can be found many cigarette factories open in almost every side of Indonesia, especially in Java. All of the factories have the regulation to operate their factories, included internal and external relationship. One of the focus of an external relationship is being responsible with every possible that can be happens between the factories and the consumer. The responsibilities of the factories give such as by paying taxes and giving warning. For every cigarette factories which have already legalized by the governments have had to pay taxes. They are an object taxes, operate taxes, place taxes, advertisement taxes, permission taxes, and more. The factories also give warning. Other responsible that factories shows is giving warning. The object of this warning is consumer. By giving warning the factories try to remind the consumer about the effect before people decided of being smoker or consume cigarettes. For instance, at Djisamsoe cigarettes there is a warning in the sachet written “merokok dapat menyebabkan kanker paru-paru”, complete with the illustration and also the  Djisamsoe cigarettes produce commercial advertisement which contain a warning of smoker’s effects.
    Secondly, in terms of willingness, people should not blame the factory because the factory has willingness to increase educational and job vacancy aspects by creating foundation and opening some occupations. It is not only giving warning, but also creating foundation. This responsible is an alternative for smart young people to make their chance by participating at some test to get some scholarships giving by cigarettes factories. For instance, is Beswan Djarum. This foundation is belonging to PT. Djarum which is one of the cigarettes company in Indonesia. This foundation is looking or more than a hundred students who have good intelligence and leadership skills. The foundation will give them scholarship for those who are selected. The factories also give job vacancy for Indonesian people by opening some occupation. For instance, almost every two years PT. HM Sampoerna held open recruitment for ages to have chance to work with them.
     Some people argue that the cigarette factories have to responsible with consumer who are suffer from illness caused by consuming cigarette. It will help the consumer in terms of responsible and willingness. By giving responsible with consumer who are suffer from illness caused by consuming cigarette it can help them to pay hospitalize bill. This assumption is fully wrong. Consumers who are suffer from illness is not always caused by consuming cigarette. There are possibility if the illness may comes from other aspect, such as consume habits, life style habits, and other. It is also possible if the illness is already infected before they decided to consume cigarettes. So, it cannot be guarantee that the illness which they got caused by consuming cigarette. Furthermore, the factories have already paid tax for their product, so the responsible can be included at each product tax they are selling. Another assumption is by giving responsible with consumer who are suffer from illness caused by consuming cigarette it can shows the factory willing to help their consumer. This statement is not truly true. The cigarette consumer decided to consume cigarette by their own willing. The factories did not force the consumer to buy and consume their product. Instead, the cigarette factories give warn of the dangerous for consume cigarette to each of their sachet products and also give warn of the dangerous for consume cigarette in commercial advertisement. 
    In a shell of nut, giving responsible with consumer who are suffer from illness caused by consuming cigarette is not duty of cigarette factories. The factories have already gave responsible by giving direct warning in the sachet of the cigarette and commercial advertisement. The responsible also can be proved at the factories duty of paying taxes and willingness to creating foundation and job vacation for society. Considered from above statements and reasons, giving responsible with consumer who are suffer from illness caused by consuming cigarette should not be duty of cigarette factories.
Referencess:
Vania,nia. 2015.Rokok Bisa Tersedak Kenaikan PPN.Online access at 14 April 2015. Pemeriksaanpajak.com/2015/03/23/rokok-bisa-tersedak-kenaikan-ppn/

Azalia Illahi Hidayat Putri
130221612280
Task 5: Argumentative Essay Pattern 1
   

Don’t Work, Mom!

Most experts believe that the quality, not the type of childcare, is what's most important. A great nanny, babysitter, daycare center worker, relative, or other caregiver can make sure your child gets the stimulation and affection she needs to grow and thrive. However, some experts in early childhood development believe there's no substitute for the consistency and nurturing of parental care, especially if the alternative is poorly funded childcare. Two groundbreaking studies, one conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the other by the Institute of Child Development of the University of Minnesota, found that kids who spent all day in daycare had higher levels of stress and more aggression than kids cared for at home. Follow-up research in 2010 confirmed these results, showing the continued negative impact of low-quality daycare on young children, even after they reached adolescence. From this, we believe that mothers should stay at home and completely take care of their children. By this, children and mothers will get at least three advantages in term of: shape their children into who they are, make their kids smarter, and stay-at-home moms are happier with their lives

Firstly, stay-at-home moms shape their children into who they are. According to Focus on the Family’s Jill Savage, stay-at-home mothers create a stable home, where they teach their children to understand who they’re going to be in the future and what it is they value. Secondly, stay-at-home parents make their kids smarter. According to a study from the Statistics Norway Research Department; the study looked at the effects of Norway’s Cash for Care program — which gave money to parents who wanted to care for and educate their children at home, rather than send them to early education — and how the beneficiaries’ children did later on in school compared to those who did not receive money from the program. The study ultimately found that children whose parents did the Cash for Care program — so, staying at home and raising their children — got better test scores and better GPA averages than those who didn’t. Thirdly, Stay-at-home moms are happier with their lives. That’s right — stay-at-home moms believe they have more worthwhile lives, at least according to data from the Office for National Statistics in the United Kingdom. The Telegraph reported that the ONS found the people in Britain who reported being the happiest were mothers who stay home to raise their children.

Two articles in the IPPR's journal said the children would be better off staying at home with their mothers. Psychologist and TV presenter Oliver James states that on the whole children who attend daycare under three are at greater risk of being aggressive. In addition, Savage (2014) states that raising a good child begins in the home, and it’s the stay-at-home moms who create the environment in that home. So, at that age, it is mother’s responsibility to shape their children personalities and characteristics A second article by US academic Janet Waldfogel told IPPR subscribers that in the first year after birth there are reasons to think that exclusive mother care would be best for a child. In terms of children intelligence, according to a study from the Statistics Norway Research Department. Those same stay-at-home parents are often sources of counsel and insight for their children when they grow older, too, the study said. The results suggest that even older students in middle or elementary school could use guidance from their parents (Bettinger, 2014)  the study’s researcher tells that  for years, we have known that parental presence is extraordinarily important in the very early childhood years. Whereas, in terms of mothers’ advantage is that the research said that stay-at-home mothers’ well-being is increased by their children, since they get joy out of raising their children and seeing them happy. Workers are concerned about the economy and their jobs, which increases their stress levels, the research found.

A second article by US academic Janet Waldfogel told IPPR subscribers she cited learning ability, health and social development as adversely affected for those who are in childcare before their first birthday. Across all three dimensions, with all things held equal, children tend to do worse if their mothers work in the first year of life. Children also did best if they lived in two-parent families, she added, in a view that conflicts with the Government's policy that claims all kinds of families are just as good as each other. Since the mothers are children counselor and their first teacher, therefore, stay-at-home mothers are able to control and supervise every intelligence improvement. From this, mothers know how educate their children to make them the best in the future. Usually, mothers who have much time to control their children growth in every single day will be happier than who do not for everything done by their children is a happiness for mothers. It seems to that children are everything for them. Mothers laugh whenever they see unique things done by their children. They smile when their children smile, and they are sad when their children are sad. In other words, the children presence are able to refresh and entertain them.

Some people believe that mothers should not completely stay at home and take care of their children as there are many childcares exist in this era. However, it is an absurd argument. Firstly, based on, Daily Mail by Teve Doughty ,2006 shows that it published research that admitted babies and toddlers sent for long hours in daycare learn less quickly, have worse health, and behave worse than other children. It also suggested that the children suffer because mothers who return home from work tired and unhappy are less able to give them the time and full attention they need. Secondly, full-time childcare can have harmful effects, new figures from the Education Department last week boasted proudly that a record number of more than 700,000 children now attend nurseries for more than four hours a day. Thirdly, Janet Waldfogel told IPPR subscribers that Children also did best if they lived in two-parent families.

To sum up, mothers should stay at home and take care of their children since it gives some benefits for children and mothers themselves in terms of: shape their children into who they are, make their kids smarter, and stay-at-home moms are happier with their lives.

References :

http://www.babycenter.com/0_staying-at-home-pros-and-cons_6025.bc

http://national.deseretnews.com/article/2721/6-things-you-should-understand-about-stay-at-home-moms.html

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-389797/Children-perform-better-mother-stays-home.html

NAILAH SA’DIYATUL FITRIAH

ACADEMIC ARGUMENTATIVE