The proportion of college students doing part
time jobs has been increasing over time in Great Britain ( Bradley 2006;
Broadbridge and Swanson 2006 ) and it has become the norm for full time
students to combine study and work during the term time ( McInnis and Hartley
2002 ). Some people thought that taking part time job for college student it
will be hard to manage their time between study and work, but some others
believe that they can obtain money for themselves and also experiences in world
of work. However, taking part time job for college student has positive effects
and negative effects.
The
positive effecst of taking part time job. Other studies concluded that only on campus
employment had a positive influence on academic performance. Astin (1975) report
that the effects of on campus employment were characterized as positive in nature
while off campus student employment is associated with lower GPA. The
positive effects of on campus employment are due to enhanced integration with
the institution including involvement with other students and with faculty
(Furr). Astin concludes that having a part time on campus job strongly increases
the student’s chances of finishing college. Effects time to graduaion. Again,
given that time and energy are finite resources, one might assume that in order
for a student’s GPA to not be negatively affected, time to graduation would have
to be increased. Ehrenberg and Sherman (1987) agreed with this. Effects on
future earnings. Student employment, however, has an additional, positive effect
(Light) .Other studies indicate that although working in college
does not appear to have a direct effect on post college earnings,
there is an indirect effect on persistence ( completing a degree ) and GPA. In
addition, working on campus was associated with a higher probability of
enrolling in post-graduate education (Ehrenberg). This, in turn, results in
higher future earnings.
The negative effects of taking part time
job. Effects on GPA. One would intuitively conclude that, because time and
energy are finite resources, jobs would detract from studying and be harmful to a student’s GPA. Most studies
conclude that this is only the case when the student’s number of hours worked
per week exceeds 20 hours. In fact, student who work fewer than 15-20 hours
often report higher GPAs than those who do not work at all (Dundes). Dundes and
Marx (2006) reported that 74 percent of student-workers believed that
employment forced them to become more efficient. However, 64 percent reported
that employment also increased their level of stress. Inhibit social or
academic integration (Anderson, 1981; Ehrenberg & Sherman, 1987). Off-campus
employment is negatively associated with involvement in critical learning
experiences including faculty interaction, at least in one study at a
southeastern urban university (Furr & Elling, 2000).
Working is a necessity for most students
in higher education today, and this is unlikely to change inthe future.
Pascarella and Terenzini (1998) point out “a relatively small number of
research universities and elite liberal arts colleges have set the academic and
public standard for what most Americans believe
higher education is or should be about. Student should be very conscious of the
number of hours they work. Although the line at which working becomes
detrimental is ambiguous, over working may decrease GPA and increase time to
graduation and dropout rates.
References
:
Astin,
A. W. (1985). The changing American college student. The Review of Higher
Education, 21(2), 115135.
Astin,
A. W. (1998). The changing American college student: The thirty-year trends
1966-1996. The Review of Higher Education, 21(2)115-135.
Ehrenberg
& Sherman . (1987). Employment while in college, academic achievement and
post-college outcomes: A summary. Journal of Human Resources, 22, 1 .
Furr,
S. R., & Elling, T. W. (2000). The influence of work on college student development.
NASPA Journal, 37, 454-470.
Pascarella,
E. T., & Terenzini, P. (1991). How college affects students. San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Name :
Danar Priyambodo
Academic Discussion
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