Indonesia is a country that the population
is the forth largest in the world. Indonesia’s population is 249 million people
and the density is 130 per sq. km. It is the archipelago country that has many
islands located separately one another. The distribution of the islands and
population in Indonesia is so unbalanced that in fact it affects the education
and its development in Indonesia. Java Island is the largest population among
all. Development and education is all centered there. It makes citizen from
another island draw an opposed argument against education in Indonesia. They
feel that the education in Indonesia is far from good and the distribution is
unfair. Before we going further let us take some aspects of Indonesia
educational system so that we know how it works and how good it is.
The basic law of education in Indonesia is stated on the preambule of UUD 1945. It is stated in
the paragraph IV that one of the object and the duty of a country is to
enlighten the nations by the help of knowledge. Another basic law is stated in
the UUD 1945 section 31 sub-section (1) stated that “every citizen has their
own right to get the education” and sub-section (3) emphasized that “government
carry on the organizing of one system national education, in the purpose of
enlightening the nation’s world by the helped of education which has stated on
the preambule of UUD”. UU no. 20 year
2003 about educational system in Indonesia is stated the renewal of vision and
mission national education. It consists of 77 articles which straighten up
general terms, basic, function, and the purpose of educational system. The
principal of implementation, the citizenship rights and obligations, parents
and societal, the educated member, stratum stripe and sorts of educational,
language escort, national educational standard, curriculum, teacher and staffs,
tools and infrastructures, educational financing, educational management,
society’s active participant in educational process, certification and evaluation
accreditation, the conviction of educational unity, educational organizing for
another national institution, controlling, law terms, shift terms and closing
terms are all stated in UU no.20 year 2003.
Indonesia practices stratum system on its
education. The first stratum is kindergarten for children under six years. Usually
in the kindergarten children are trained for two years. The orientation of its
study is that children learning and playing joyously. Then primary school is
available for children above six years. In primary school they need at least
six years to accomplish. The first year they come to the first grade, the
second year they come to the second grade and the end of their year in primary
school is in the sixth year. The main clue for primary high school is that
pupils are trained to compete and understand what the school world means.
Learning process and group working is an essential part of this study stage
since it will determine how they will act to their next stage. After qualifying
primary school Indonesian students must continue their study in junior high
school. Here in junior high they have to study for three years. Several years
ago the first, second, and third had been changed become the seventh, eight,
and nine grade. When they graduated from junior high they still have to study
in senior high school. As well as junior high, senior high school also
estimates three years time to finish. The main hint of this study stage is that
students are prepared to be an independent, undependable human who ready to
compete in the real world. The stratum system is aimed to educate students to
know where his position is and to learn appreciating the strata given. It does
not come naturally when the students want to ascend to the next ladder, they
have to study hard. If they do not study, no wonder they will left behind in their
current grade. The following section will provide a chart that is explain about
strata system in Indonesia education.
|
|
Education
|
School/Level
|
Grade From
|
Grade To
|
Age From
|
Age To
|
Years
|
Notes
|
|
|
Primary
|
Kindergarten - Taman Kanak-kanak
|
|
|
3
|
5
|
2
|
|
|
|
Primary
|
Sekolah Dasar (SD) (literally
Elementary School)
|
1
|
6
|
6
|
11
|
6
|
|
|
|
Middle
|
Middle School - "SMP"
(Sekolah Menengah Pertama)
|
7
|
9
|
12
|
14
|
3
|
|
|
|
Middle
|
Middle School - "SMP"
(Sekolah Menengah Pertama)
|
7
|
9
|
12
|
14
|
3
|
|
|
|
Secondary
|
High School - "SMA"
(Sekolah Menengah Atas) and SMK (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan)
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tertiary
|
University level first stage:
Sarjana (S1)
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
Sarjana followed by Subject
Degree
|
|
|
Tertiary
|
Associates Degree - Ahli Madya
Diploma 3
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
Tertiary
|
University level second stage:
Magister (Strata Dua) (S2)
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
Magister (Strata Dua)
|
|
|
Tertiary
|
University level third stage:
Doktor (Strata Tiga) (S3)
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
Highest award conferred in
Indonesia universities or institutes.
|
The next feature of educational system in
Indonesia is that it contains local contents for all Indonesian students such
as civic education, and Javanese. These local contains have purpose to enhance
the culture through learning process. Nowadays, the students morality
degradation is being the major concerned for all citizens. Either teacher,
students or society are responsible for in this apprehensive case. Why is it
happens/ the question is often arouse in our mind. The only possible word to
overcome this inquiry is that it is because our students do not know who they
are. Through local contents, the students are taught Javanese, bahasa and
civic education. It aids them to acquiring the culture that has been so long
burying in the mind of shrewd. We have to spread our valuable treasures; which
are culture, ideology, and values; to the young generation in order to make
Indonesia better place. Javanese and Bahasa is so much attaching with the
culture of our nation. We have to know what the origin of our mother tongue is
and how can it be that. We have to know about the history of our nations. One
famous saying from Soekarno says that “a big nation is a nation which respects
its history”. I truly agree with this saying because when we know a lot about
our country and its history, we will know how to act. The sacrifice of our hero
will be our guideline to flaunt in a good ways. Civic education deals with
ideology and nation’s view. The Pancasila
view of Indonesia suits the view of its nations. Eastern people hold on firmly
in the polite behavior and solidarity among citizen. It is still consider a
taboo thing when we do not act according to prevail manner. Having sex before
marriage is considered to be the contravening the morality norms. When we study
civic we will know a lot about norms and ideology that obtains on each nation.
Some people
may say that the educational system in Indonesia is unfair enough well it is
true for the development in Indonesia is still ongoing. The government will
expend on its energy to enlighten the Indonesian world by the help of knowledge
as it is stated in the UUD preambule
paragraph IV. More importantly, Indonesia has valid basic law to bring welfare
of education on its nations like as stated in the UU no.20 year 2003 and UUD no.
31. We do not need to take so much worry about education in Indonesia since
they are still several things that we can be proud of education in Indonesia.
The minister of basic and mid educational and cultural of Indonesia, Anies
Baswedan, rolled out the good news for educational and cultural condition of
Indonesia in the friendship event among all minister of basic and mid
educational and cultural in Indonesia. He stated six major positive of
educational in Indonesia which are: (1) the quantity of primary education in
Indonesia is increasing four times for the time that Indonesia has its own
independence. In 2014, the total of primary school in Indonesia is 148,061, mid
school 36,210, and vocational high school is 25,580. (2) the quantity of
Indonesian children who get accessed of basic and mid education is always
increasing. 26,119,000 Indonesian children get accessed of basic/primary
education, 9,901,000 get accessed to the mid education. (3) the awareness of
basic education is also increasing. The rate of Indonesian children
participation in basic education is increasing from 75% in 1975’s, had became
95% in 2014’s. (4) the elimination of
letter illiterates is do works. If in independence era, 95% society in
Indonesia is illiterate, now is only 8% (in 2011), (5) the quantity of higher
education students is increasing 10 times comparing with the year of 1970’s. in
2007’s the quantity of higher education students is 3,5 billion people. (6) the
Indonesia’s good performance in global stage is stealing international
attention. For example the capacity of innovation is on the rate of 28 it is
equal with New Zealand and better than spain and Hong Kong; inefficiency of
government expenditure, in the rate of 34 is equally the same with Taiwan and
better that German, England, and Israel; the government regulation liabilities
is in the rate 36, as same as Luxemburg and much better than Austria and
Holland. (http://news.liputan6.com/read/2143387/potret-pendidikan-indonesia-yang-bisa-dibanggakan)
Educational
system in Indonesia is a perfect system which has valid law and great method.
The use of strata system is one example of the methods in educational system of
Indonesia. It also contains local contents to help guiding students acquiring
and understand about their personal traits which is so closely related to the
culture. We do not need to take so much worried about education and educational
system in Indonesia. For it have vivid law and purpose to prevail in this
modern and globalization era. We should support our government to carry out the
education and its system in this complicated situation. We have to stand
together, stand in our belief; not to be drowning in this modernization era and
forgetting who we are.
References :
By: Laily
Isna Nur Cahyani
Final Project
No comments:
Post a Comment